Implementing High Quality Internships as Part of Practically-Oriented, Application-Based Degree Programs in Ethiopian Universities of Applied Sciences

Abstract

Following comprehensive pilot projects implemented in Jigjiga University and Kotebe University of Education, critical gaps and opportunities have been identified in the design and implementation of high-quality internships within  Universities of Applied Sciences (UASs). The project outputs highlight the need to include practically-oriented, application-based internships as an integral part of tertiary education programs, particularly to bridge the theory-practice divide and enhance graduates’ career readiness. The pilots demonstrated the transformative potential of strong university-industry (university-school) partnerships. When internships are well-structured, aligned with academic goals, and supported through dedicated mentorship, students show enhanced professional engagement and deeper learning. The universities developed new tools such as mentorship checklists, evaluation templates, and structured hosting agreements that offer valuable models for broader replication. However, significant implementation challenges were also reported: shortage of internship periods, limited financial and logistical support, insufficient baseline data collection, weak follow-up mechanisms, and difficulties in aligning curriculum with industry needs. Moreover, the absence of incentives for faculty and the limited availability of suitable industry placements remain critical bottlenecks. Based on the findings, this policy brief recommends systemic reform to strengthen the quality and relevance of internship programs in Ethiopian UASs. Key recommendations include: establishing structured and funded university-industry linkage offices; integrating internship preparation into curricula; offering incentives for academic mentors; co-developing programs with industry partners; and adopting national guidelines and toolkits informed by the pilot experiences. Strengthening the practical learning environment will be vital to producing skilled, employable graduates and building a responsive higher education system aligned with Ethiopia’s development goals.